Right or wrong ? Correct the mistakes in the highlighted phrases.

Right or wrong ? Correct the mistakes in the highlighted phrases.

Right or wrong ? Correct the mistakes in the highlighted phrases.

Right or wrong ? Correct the mistakes in the highlighted phrases.

Right or wrong ? Correct the mistakes in the highlighted phrases.

Right or wrong ? Correct the mistakes in the highlighted phrases.

Right or wrong ? Correct the mistakes in the highlighted phrases.

Complete the mini-dialogues with a suitable pronoun.

Complete the mini-dialogues with a suitable pronoun.

Complete the mini-dialogues with a suitable pronoun.

Complete the mini-dialogues with a suitable pronoun.

Complete the mini-dialogues with a suitable pronoun.

Complete the mini-dialogues with a suitable pronoun.

Complete the mini-dialogues with a suitable pronoun.

Complete the text with it or there.

Choose the correct word(s).

1. The speaker went too fast, so it was impossible to passfor I pick up / take in all the information.

Choose the correct word(s).

2. Bear in mind that children don’t always say / talk / tell the truth.

Choose the correct word(s).

3. Did you manage to brush up / get by / pick up any Portuguese while you were in Lisbon?

Choose the correct word(s).

4. Sorry, I didn’t get that. Can you say / speak / tell it again, please?

Choose the correct word(s).

5. How will you pick up / get by / pass for in Kyoto if you don’t speak any Japanese?

Choose the correct word(s).

6. He wants to have a few days off, so he needs to say / talk I tell to his boss.

Choose the correct word(s).

7. She needs to brush up / pick up / take in her French before she takes up her new job in Paris.

Replace the bold words in sentences 1-5 with a more formal word or expression.

Replace the bold words in sentences 1-5 with a more formal word or expression.

Replace the bold words in sentences 1-5 with a more formal word or expression.

Replace the bold words in sentences 1-5 with a more formal word or expression.

Complete the sentences with an idiom containing the word in brackets.

Complete the sentences with an idiom containing the word in brackets.

Complete the sentences with an idiom containing the word in brackets.

Complete the sentences with an idiom containing the word in brackets.

Read the article once.

______________________________________________________________________________________________

A French has an unusually large vocabulary, allowing the speaker to find extremely precise words with specific meanings.
B In Russian, however, the emphasis is on the shape, not the material, so all of these would merely be ‘little glasses’ or ‘stakanchiki’.
C Speaking it will force you to think longer and harder, and you may feel like you played a five-set tennis match after a conversation.
D And yet, his personality seemed to vary.
E After the first ad, they referred to her with positive words, such as ‘self-sufficient’ and ‘strong’, suggesting that they looked up to her.
F A comparative analysis between languages shows that languages may well rewire our minds.
G He and his mentor, Edward Sapir, compared this with English and noticed how the two languages had a completely different system for forming words.
H He claims that it is thoughts that lead to language, and not the other way round.

Read the text again and match the missing sentences A-H to the gaps 1-6. There are two sentences you do not need to use.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

A French has an unusually large vocabulary, allowing the speaker to find extremely precise words with specific meanings.
B In Russian, however, the emphasis is on the shape, not the material, so all of these would merely be ‘little glasses’ or ‘stakanchiki’.
C Speaking it will force you to think longer and harder, and you may feel like you played a five-set tennis match after a conversation.
D And yet, his personality seemed to vary.
E After the first ad, they referred to her with positive words, such as ‘self-sufficient’ and ‘strong’, suggesting that they looked up to her.
F A comparative analysis between languages shows that languages may well rewire our minds.
G He and his mentor, Edward Sapir, compared this with English and noticed how the two languages had a completely different system for forming words.
H He claims that it is thoughts that lead to language, and not the other way round.

Read the text again and match the missing sentences A-H to the gaps 1-6. There are two sentences you do not need to use.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

A French has an unusually large vocabulary, allowing the speaker to find extremely precise words with specific meanings.
B In Russian, however, the emphasis is on the shape, not the material, so all of these would merely be ‘little glasses’ or ‘stakanchiki’.
C Speaking it will force you to think longer and harder, and you may feel like you played a five-set tennis match after a conversation.
D And yet, his personality seemed to vary.
E After the first ad, they referred to her with positive words, such as ‘self-sufficient’ and ‘strong’, suggesting that they looked up to her.
F A comparative analysis between languages shows that languages may well rewire our minds.
G He and his mentor, Edward Sapir, compared this with English and noticed how the two languages had a completely different system for forming words.
H He claims that it is thoughts that lead to language, and not the other way round.

Read the text again and match the missing sentences A-H to the gaps 1-6. There are two sentences you do not need to use.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

A French has an unusually large vocabulary, allowing the speaker to find extremely precise words with specific meanings.
B In Russian, however, the emphasis is on the shape, not the material, so all of these would merely be ‘little glasses’ or ‘stakanchiki’.
C Speaking it will force you to think longer and harder, and you may feel like you played a five-set tennis match after a conversation.
D And yet, his personality seemed to vary.
E After the first ad, they referred to her with positive words, such as ‘self-sufficient’ and ‘strong’, suggesting that they looked up to her.
F A comparative analysis between languages shows that languages may well rewire our minds.
G He and his mentor, Edward Sapir, compared this with English and noticed how the two languages had a completely different system for forming words.
H He claims that it is thoughts that lead to language, and not the other way round.

Read the text again and match the missing sentences A-H to the gaps 1-6. There are two sentences you do not need to use.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

A French has an unusually large vocabulary, allowing the speaker to find extremely precise words with specific meanings.
B In Russian, however, the emphasis is on the shape, not the material, so all of these would merely be ‘little glasses’ or ‘stakanchiki’.
C Speaking it will force you to think longer and harder, and you may feel like you played a five-set tennis match after a conversation.
D And yet, his personality seemed to vary.
E After the first ad, they referred to her with positive words, such as ‘self-sufficient’ and ‘strong’, suggesting that they looked up to her.
F A comparative analysis between languages shows that languages may well rewire our minds.
G He and his mentor, Edward Sapir, compared this with English and noticed how the two languages had a completely different system for forming words.
H He claims that it is thoughts that lead to language, and not the other way round.

Read the text again and match the missing sentences A-H to the gaps 1-6. There are two sentences you do not need to use.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

A French has an unusually large vocabulary, allowing the speaker to find extremely precise words with specific meanings.
B In Russian, however, the emphasis is on the shape, not the material, so all of these would merely be ‘little glasses’ or ‘stakanchiki’.
C Speaking it will force you to think longer and harder, and you may feel like you played a five-set tennis match after a conversation.
D And yet, his personality seemed to vary.
E After the first ad, they referred to her with positive words, such as ‘self-sufficient’ and ‘strong’, suggesting that they looked up to her.
F A comparative analysis between languages shows that languages may well rewire our minds.
G He and his mentor, Edward Sapir, compared this with English and noticed how the two languages had a completely different system for forming words.
H He claims that it is thoughts that lead to language, and not the other way round.

Read the text again and match the missing sentences A-H to the gaps 1-6. There are two sentences you do not need to use.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

A French has an unusually large vocabulary, allowing the speaker to find extremely precise words with specific meanings.
B In Russian, however, the emphasis is on the shape, not the material, so all of these would merely be ‘little glasses’ or ‘stakanchiki’.
C Speaking it will force you to think longer and harder, and you may feel like you played a five-set tennis match after a conversation.
D And yet, his personality seemed to vary.
E After the first ad, they referred to her with positive words, such as ‘self-sufficient’ and ‘strong’, suggesting that they looked up to her.
F A comparative analysis between languages shows that languages may well rewire our minds.
G He and his mentor, Edward Sapir, compared this with English and noticed how the two languages had a completely different system for forming words.
H He claims that it is thoughts that lead to language, and not the other way round.

Look at the highlighted words and match them to a neutral equivalent.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

New Language new personality?

When Jacques was 12 years old, his mother began speaking to him only in French, his father addressed him only in Greek, and he was sent to an English-speaking day school in Paris. Of course, the child was the same person no matter which of the three languages he was using.1____’I felt probably ruder and more aggressive in Greek, clear and concise in French, and creative and long-winded in English,’ he said. Jacques’ experience of languages seems to concur with a theory developed back in 1931 in the linguistics department of Yale University. A student by the name of Benjamin Whorf was carrying out some research into the Algonquian language, Shawnee, which was spoken by only 200 people at the time.2____Their findings led them to develop the ‘Sapir-Whorf hypothesis’ which claims that the language we speak shapes our experience of the world. But how is it possible for a language to determine our understanding of the world and therefore affect our personality? The answer may lie in the way that different languages are constructed. In Greek, for example, the verb usually comes first, its conjugation revealing the tone and meaning of the rest of the sentence, making it easier for the listener to interrupt.3____ And in English, words tend to be more adaptable and easier to rhyme. Yet construction of a language is not the only determining factor. A study at Baruch College, New York, suggests that culture may also play a part. Researchers showed a group of bilingual Hispanic-American women the same commercial about a woman doing housework, first in Spanish and then in English. 4____But when the women watched the English version, they used the derogatory terms ‘traditional’ and dependent’. Despite the striking contrast between the adjectives, it is not clear whether it was the language itself that influenced the volunteers’ choices or the cultural habits associated with that language. A third determining factor may be the way in which objects are classified in a language. Let’s take Russian as an example. A Russian speaker learning English would associate ‘glass’ and ‘cup’ with their translations, ‘stakan’ and ‘chashka’. Yet, in English we call all sorts of things ‘cups’: coffee to-go cups, Styrofoam™ cups, plastic cups, paper cups.5____Therefore, in order for the Russian speaker to correctly learn English (or vice versa), he must pay attention to not just direct translations but also to categorizations, in this case shape versus material. Although there seems to be a great deal of evidence supporting the argument that language influences personality, there are obviously those who do not agree. One of the greatest opponents is Stephen Pinker of Harvard University. 6____Consequently, he believes that as long as we can think about something, then we can formulate a way to say it. And so the debate rages on. But as Jacques himself points out: it makes a big difference which language to choose when it comes to discussing a subject like economics!

Look at the highlighted words and match them to a neutral equivalent.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

New Language new personality?

When Jacques was 12 years old, his mother began speaking to him only in French, his father addressed him only in Greek, and he was sent to an English-speaking day school in Paris. Of course, the child was the same person no matter which of the three languages he was using.1____’I felt probably ruder and more aggressive in Greek, clear and concise in French, and creative and long-winded in English,’ he said. Jacques’ experience of languages seems to concur with a theory developed back in 1931 in the linguistics department of Yale University. A student by the name of Benjamin Whorf was carrying out some research into the Algonquian language, Shawnee, which was spoken by only 200 people at the time.2____Their findings led them to develop the ‘Sapir-Whorf hypothesis’ which claims that the language we speak shapes our experience of the world. But how is it possible for a language to determine our understanding of the world and therefore affect our personality? The answer may lie in the way that different languages are constructed. In Greek, for example, the verb usually comes first, its conjugation revealing the tone and meaning of the rest of the sentence, making it easier for the listener to interrupt.3____ And in English, words tend to be more adaptable and easier to rhyme. Yet construction of a language is not the only determining factor. A study at Baruch College, New York, suggests that culture may also play a part. Researchers showed a group of bilingual Hispanic-American women the same commercial about a woman doing housework, first in Spanish and then in English. 4____But when the women watched the English version, they used the derogatory terms ‘traditional’ and dependent’. Despite the striking contrast between the adjectives, it is not clear whether it was the language itself that influenced the volunteers’ choices or the cultural habits associated with that language. A third determining factor may be the way in which objects are classified in a language. Let’s take Russian as an example. A Russian speaker learning English would associate ‘glass’ and ‘cup’ with their translations, ‘stakan’ and ‘chashka’. Yet, in English we call all sorts of things ‘cups’: coffee to-go cups, Styrofoam™ cups, plastic cups, paper cups.5____Therefore, in order for the Russian speaker to correctly learn English (or vice versa), he must pay attention to not just direct translations but also to categorizations, in this case shape versus material. Although there seems to be a great deal of evidence supporting the argument that language influences personality, there are obviously those who do not agree. One of the greatest opponents is Stephen Pinker of Harvard University. 6____Consequently, he believes that as long as we can think about something, then we can formulate a way to say it. And so the debate rages on. But as Jacques himself points out: it makes a big difference which language to choose when it comes to discussing a subject like economics!

Look at the highlighted words and match them to a neutral equivalent.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

New Language new personality?

When Jacques was 12 years old, his mother began speaking to him only in French, his father addressed him only in Greek, and he was sent to an English-speaking day school in Paris. Of course, the child was the same person no matter which of the three languages he was using.1____’I felt probably ruder and more aggressive in Greek, clear and concise in French, and creative and long-winded in English,’ he said. Jacques’ experience of languages seems to concur with a theory developed back in 1931 in the linguistics department of Yale University. A student by the name of Benjamin Whorf was carrying out some research into the Algonquian language, Shawnee, which was spoken by only 200 people at the time.2____Their findings led them to develop the ‘Sapir-Whorf hypothesis’ which claims that the language we speak shapes our experience of the world. But how is it possible for a language to determine our understanding of the world and therefore affect our personality? The answer may lie in the way that different languages are constructed. In Greek, for example, the verb usually comes first, its conjugation revealing the tone and meaning of the rest of the sentence, making it easier for the listener to interrupt.3____ And in English, words tend to be more adaptable and easier to rhyme. Yet construction of a language is not the only determining factor. A study at Baruch College, New York, suggests that culture may also play a part. Researchers showed a group of bilingual Hispanic-American women the same commercial about a woman doing housework, first in Spanish and then in English. 4____But when the women watched the English version, they used the derogatory terms ‘traditional’ and dependent’. Despite the striking contrast between the adjectives, it is not clear whether it was the language itself that influenced the volunteers’ choices or the cultural habits associated with that language. A third determining factor may be the way in which objects are classified in a language. Let’s take Russian as an example. A Russian speaker learning English would associate ‘glass’ and ‘cup’ with their translations, ‘stakan’ and ‘chashka’. Yet, in English we call all sorts of things ‘cups’: coffee to-go cups, Styrofoam™ cups, plastic cups, paper cups.5____Therefore, in order for the Russian speaker to correctly learn English (or vice versa), he must pay attention to not just direct translations but also to categorizations, in this case shape versus material. Although there seems to be a great deal of evidence supporting the argument that language influences personality, there are obviously those who do not agree. One of the greatest opponents is Stephen Pinker of Harvard University. 6____Consequently, he believes that as long as we can think about something, then we can formulate a way to say it. And so the debate rages on. But as Jacques himself points out: it makes a big difference which language to choose when it comes to discussing a subject like economics!

Look at the highlighted words and match them to a neutral equivalent.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

New Language new personality?

When Jacques was 12 years old, his mother began speaking to him only in French, his father addressed him only in Greek, and he was sent to an English-speaking day school in Paris. Of course, the child was the same person no matter which of the three languages he was using.1____’I felt probably ruder and more aggressive in Greek, clear and concise in French, and creative and long-winded in English,’ he said. Jacques’ experience of languages seems to concur with a theory developed back in 1931 in the linguistics department of Yale University. A student by the name of Benjamin Whorf was carrying out some research into the Algonquian language, Shawnee, which was spoken by only 200 people at the time.2____Their findings led them to develop the ‘Sapir-Whorf hypothesis’ which claims that the language we speak shapes our experience of the world. But how is it possible for a language to determine our understanding of the world and therefore affect our personality? The answer may lie in the way that different languages are constructed. In Greek, for example, the verb usually comes first, its conjugation revealing the tone and meaning of the rest of the sentence, making it easier for the listener to interrupt.3____ And in English, words tend to be more adaptable and easier to rhyme. Yet construction of a language is not the only determining factor. A study at Baruch College, New York, suggests that culture may also play a part. Researchers showed a group of bilingual Hispanic-American women the same commercial about a woman doing housework, first in Spanish and then in English. 4____But when the women watched the English version, they used the derogatory terms ‘traditional’ and dependent’. Despite the striking contrast between the adjectives, it is not clear whether it was the language itself that influenced the volunteers’ choices or the cultural habits associated with that language. A third determining factor may be the way in which objects are classified in a language. Let’s take Russian as an example. A Russian speaker learning English would associate ‘glass’ and ‘cup’ with their translations, ‘stakan’ and ‘chashka’. Yet, in English we call all sorts of things ‘cups’: coffee to-go cups, Styrofoam™ cups, plastic cups, paper cups.5____Therefore, in order for the Russian speaker to correctly learn English (or vice versa), he must pay attention to not just direct translations but also to categorizations, in this case shape versus material. Although there seems to be a great deal of evidence supporting the argument that language influences personality, there are obviously those who do not agree. One of the greatest opponents is Stephen Pinker of Harvard University. 6____Consequently, he believes that as long as we can think about something, then we can formulate a way to say it. And so the debate rages on. But as Jacques himself points out: it makes a big difference which language to choose when it comes to discussing a subject like economics!

Look at the highlighted words and match them to a neutral equivalent.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

New Language new personality?

When Jacques was 12 years old, his mother began speaking to him only in French, his father addressed him only in Greek, and he was sent to an English-speaking day school in Paris. Of course, the child was the same person no matter which of the three languages he was using.1____’I felt probably ruder and more aggressive in Greek, clear and concise in French, and creative and long-winded in English,’ he said. Jacques’ experience of languages seems to concur with a theory developed back in 1931 in the linguistics department of Yale University. A student by the name of Benjamin Whorf was carrying out some research into the Algonquian language, Shawnee, which was spoken by only 200 people at the time.2____Their findings led them to develop the ‘Sapir-Whorf hypothesis’ which claims that the language we speak shapes our experience of the world. But how is it possible for a language to determine our understanding of the world and therefore affect our personality? The answer may lie in the way that different languages are constructed. In Greek, for example, the verb usually comes first, its conjugation revealing the tone and meaning of the rest of the sentence, making it easier for the listener to interrupt.3____ And in English, words tend to be more adaptable and easier to rhyme. Yet construction of a language is not the only determining factor. A study at Baruch College, New York, suggests that culture may also play a part. Researchers showed a group of bilingual Hispanic-American women the same commercial about a woman doing housework, first in Spanish and then in English. 4____But when the women watched the English version, they used the derogatory terms ‘traditional’ and dependent’. Despite the striking contrast between the adjectives, it is not clear whether it was the language itself that influenced the volunteers’ choices or the cultural habits associated with that language. A third determining factor may be the way in which objects are classified in a language. Let’s take Russian as an example. A Russian speaker learning English would associate ‘glass’ and ‘cup’ with their translations, ‘stakan’ and ‘chashka’. Yet, in English we call all sorts of things ‘cups’: coffee to-go cups, Styrofoam™ cups, plastic cups, paper cups.5____Therefore, in order for the Russian speaker to correctly learn English (or vice versa), he must pay attention to not just direct translations but also to categorizations, in this case shape versus material. Although there seems to be a great deal of evidence supporting the argument that language influences personality, there are obviously those who do not agree. One of the greatest opponents is Stephen Pinker of Harvard University. 6____Consequently, he believes that as long as we can think about something, then we can formulate a way to say it. And so the debate rages on. But as Jacques himself points out: it makes a big difference which language to choose when it comes to discussing a subject like economics!

Look at the highlighted words and match them to a neutral equivalent.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

New Language new personality?

When Jacques was 12 years old, his mother began speaking to him only in French, his father addressed him only in Greek, and he was sent to an English-speaking day school in Paris. Of course, the child was the same person no matter which of the three languages he was using.1____’I felt probably ruder and more aggressive in Greek, clear and concise in French, and creative and long-winded in English,’ he said. Jacques’ experience of languages seems to concur with a theory developed back in 1931 in the linguistics department of Yale University. A student by the name of Benjamin Whorf was carrying out some research into the Algonquian language, Shawnee, which was spoken by only 200 people at the time.2____Their findings led them to develop the ‘Sapir-Whorf hypothesis’ which claims that the language we speak shapes our experience of the world. But how is it possible for a language to determine our understanding of the world and therefore affect our personality? The answer may lie in the way that different languages are constructed. In Greek, for example, the verb usually comes first, its conjugation revealing the tone and meaning of the rest of the sentence, making it easier for the listener to interrupt.3____ And in English, words tend to be more adaptable and easier to rhyme. Yet construction of a language is not the only determining factor. A study at Baruch College, New York, suggests that culture may also play a part. Researchers showed a group of bilingual Hispanic-American women the same commercial about a woman doing housework, first in Spanish and then in English. 4____But when the women watched the English version, they used the derogatory terms ‘traditional’ and dependent’. Despite the striking contrast between the adjectives, it is not clear whether it was the language itself that influenced the volunteers’ choices or the cultural habits associated with that language. A third determining factor may be the way in which objects are classified in a language. Let’s take Russian as an example. A Russian speaker learning English would associate ‘glass’ and ‘cup’ with their translations, ‘stakan’ and ‘chashka’. Yet, in English we call all sorts of things ‘cups’: coffee to-go cups, Styrofoam™ cups, plastic cups, paper cups.5____Therefore, in order for the Russian speaker to correctly learn English (or vice versa), he must pay attention to not just direct translations but also to categorizations, in this case shape versus material. Although there seems to be a great deal of evidence supporting the argument that language influences personality, there are obviously those who do not agree. One of the greatest opponents is Stephen Pinker of Harvard University. 6____Consequently, he believes that as long as we can think about something, then we can formulate a way to say it. And so the debate rages on. But as Jacques himself points out: it makes a big difference which language to choose when it comes to discussing a subject like economics!

Look at the highlighted words and match them to a neutral equivalent.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

New Language new personality?

When Jacques was 12 years old, his mother began speaking to him only in French, his father addressed him only in Greek, and he was sent to an English-speaking day school in Paris. Of course, the child was the same person no matter which of the three languages he was using.1____’I felt probably ruder and more aggressive in Greek, clear and concise in French, and creative and long-winded in English,’ he said. Jacques’ experience of languages seems to concur with a theory developed back in 1931 in the linguistics department of Yale University. A student by the name of Benjamin Whorf was carrying out some research into the Algonquian language, Shawnee, which was spoken by only 200 people at the time.2____Their findings led them to develop the ‘Sapir-Whorf hypothesis’ which claims that the language we speak shapes our experience of the world. But how is it possible for a language to determine our understanding of the world and therefore affect our personality? The answer may lie in the way that different languages are constructed. In Greek, for example, the verb usually comes first, its conjugation revealing the tone and meaning of the rest of the sentence, making it easier for the listener to interrupt.3____ And in English, words tend to be more adaptable and easier to rhyme. Yet construction of a language is not the only determining factor. A study at Baruch College, New York, suggests that culture may also play a part. Researchers showed a group of bilingual Hispanic-American women the same commercial about a woman doing housework, first in Spanish and then in English. 4____But when the women watched the English version, they used the derogatory terms ‘traditional’ and dependent’. Despite the striking contrast between the adjectives, it is not clear whether it was the language itself that influenced the volunteers’ choices or the cultural habits associated with that language. A third determining factor may be the way in which objects are classified in a language. Let’s take Russian as an example. A Russian speaker learning English would associate ‘glass’ and ‘cup’ with their translations, ‘stakan’ and ‘chashka’. Yet, in English we call all sorts of things ‘cups’: coffee to-go cups, Styrofoam™ cups, plastic cups, paper cups.5____Therefore, in order for the Russian speaker to correctly learn English (or vice versa), he must pay attention to not just direct translations but also to categorizations, in this case shape versus material. Although there seems to be a great deal of evidence supporting the argument that language influences personality, there are obviously those who do not agree. One of the greatest opponents is Stephen Pinker of Harvard University. 6____Consequently, he believes that as long as we can think about something, then we can formulate a way to say it. And so the debate rages on. But as Jacques himself points out: it makes a big difference which language to choose when it comes to discussing a subject like economics!

Listen once. What four questions do they answer?

Listen again and mark the sentences W (woman), M (man), or B (both).