Match the words with the same sound.

1. decision ________

Match the words with the same sound.

2. launch ________

Match the words with the same sound.

3. profit ________

Match the words with the same sound.

4. multinational ________

Match the words with the same sound.

5. merge ________

Choose the correct word(s).

1. Book early in order to / for get tickets at the lowest prices.

Choose the correct word(s).

2. In spite of / Although the cost, I’m really glad we flew first class.

Choose the correct word(s).

3. I phoned the hotel so as / so that they would know we’d be arriving late.

Choose the correct word(s).

4. We enjoy playing tennis, even though / despite we’re not very good at it.

Choose the correct word(s).

5. You should take the exam, though / in spite of you’ll need to study hard for it.

Choose the correct word(s).

6. I ignored her mistake so as not to / to not embarrass her.

Choose the correct word(s).

1. Politics is / are a dirty business sometimes.

Choose the correct word(s).

2. The Shard is a famous London building, made mostly of the glass / glass.

Choose the correct word(s).

3. Bring two trousers / pairs of trousers in case you need to change.

Choose the correct word(s).

4. Would you like a piece of / a toast with that coffee?

Choose the correct word(s).

5. Do you have any advices / advice about travelling in Mexico?

Choose the correct word(s).

6. I live on the outskirts / on an outskirt of Los Angeles.

Choose the correct word(s).

7. Do you have a pair of / a shorts I could borrow if it’s hot tomorrow?

Choose the correct word(s).

8. All the staff in the travel agency was / were very helpful.

Choose the correct word.

1. Order ________ you want to eat – I’m paying!

Choose the correct word.

2. ________ we travel, by train, bus, or car, it’s not going to be cheap.

Choose the correct word.

3. ________ I ask, they all say the same thing – we’re going in the wrong direction.

Choose the correct word.

4. I’m a freelance journalist so I can work for ________ newspaper I want to.

Choose the correct word.

5. You’ll find friendly people ________ you go in the world.

Choose the correct word.

6. I don’t have children in school now so I can go on holiday ________ I want to.

Complete the words in the sentences.

Complete the words in the sentences.

Complete the words in the sentences.

Complete the words in the sentences.

Complete the words in the sentences.

Complete the words in the sentences.

Complete the words in the sentences.

Complete the words in the sentences.

Complete the words in the sentences.

Complete the words in the sentences.

Write the words in brackets with the correct prefix or suffix.

Write the words in brackets with the correct prefix or suffix.

Write the words in brackets with the correct prefix or suffix.

Write the words in brackets with the correct prefix or suffix.

Write the words in brackets with the correct prefix or suffix.

Write the words in brackets with the correct prefix or suffix.

Write the words in brackets with the correct prefix or suffix.

Write the words in brackets with the correct prefix or suffix.

Write the words in brackets with the correct prefix or suffix.

Write the words in brackets with the correct prefix or suffix.

Choose the stressed syllable in the words in bold.#

1. This area has some wonderful local pro|duce – you must try the cheese.

Choose the stressed syllable in the words in bold.

2. The airline company agreed to re|fund my booking fee.

Choose the stressed syllable in the words in bold.

3. There has been a huge in|crease in the number of takeovers this year.

Choose the stressed syllable in the words in bold.

4. We’re im|por|ting too much of our energy at the moment.

Choose the stressed syllable in the words in bold.

5. This is a very mul|ti|cul|tu|ral area of the city.

Read the article about television advertising. Five sentences have been removed. Which sentence A-F fits each gap (1-5)? There is one extra sentence you do not need to use.

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A Brief History of Television Advertising

Every day the average person sees 20 minutes of adverts on television or on their computer. But how did this come about? Commercial broadcasting was originally developed as a means for companies to sell radios, where radio-manufacturing companies also owned the radio stations. But once they realized that many households were listening to their radios a significant amount of time every day, other organizations started to explore this medium as a way to get their message across to the public. If one has to choose a single event that began the era of radio broadcasting, it would probably be the radio programme broadcast by station WEAF in New York City on August 28, 1922 (—–1—–) By Christmas of that year, several other major New York department stores were also running advertisements for their stores.

By the late 20s radio advertising had advanced in a dramatic way. It was now dominated by advertising agencies who took control of the schedules by buying the available air time – those valuable minutes and hours during which they could reach the public – and selling it to their customers. They also handled the creative aspects of the commercials and programmes. (—–2—–) These efforts paved the way for the birth of television advertising that would begin in a few more decades.

Television advertising didn’t really take hold until the late 1940s. As television was totally new – offering both sound and moving pictures – the advertising industry moved into this area cautiously as they were not sure what methods would work best to promote their clients’ products on television. (—–3—–) Or perhaps it was a case of taking an entirely new approach to reach the television audiences in a meaningful and effective manner.

After many surveys, the advertising agencies determined that the most effective way to reach consumers with a strong message would be by creating shows that featured a single product or a line of products from a single company. From this idea came the typical television shows of the 1950s, including such titles as Kraft Television Theater and Colgate Comedy Hour. As with radio, these television programmes were produced by advertising agencies for their clients, rather than the studios as is normal practice today.

This practice worked really well for the clients for a while. But as the television gained more popularity and there were more people watching it, the television networks were raising the costs of doing business. This pressure connected with the cost of delivering a production through television forced a massive change in the relationship of all the parties involved. (—–4—–)

NBC executive Sylvester L. “Pat” Weaver came up a with a solution that would work and would also be very favourable to the networks. He introduced the “magazine concept” of television advertising. In this arrangement, the sponsors would purchase blocks of time (typically one to two minutes) in a show rather than be a sponsor for an entire show. This idea would allow a variety of sponsors – up to four was the number imagined – for a show. Like a magazine, the networks would now control the content as no one advertiser would “own” a particular show.

By 1960, the magazine concept dominated television advertising, as it has ever since. Instead of relying on audience identification with a specific show, sponsors now spread their messages across the schedule in an effort to reach as many consumers as possible. Being able to reach a broader segment of the population proved to be very effective for the sponsors.

More than 30 years later, online advertising came onto the scene. (—–5—–) Another is the efficiency of the advertiser’s investment. Online advertising allows for the customization of advertisements, including content and posted websites.

Many people find advertisements annoying, complaining that they interrupt their enjoyment of a television programme for example. But perhaps we should appreciate the long way they have come since the 1920s.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

A  One major benefit of this type of advertising is the immediate publishing of information and content that is not limited by geography or time.

B  A solution had to be found if this very powerful advertising medium was to continue to be financially possible for the sponsors.

C  This idea was originally resisted but after a bit of experimentation, they found that this method would work well for packaged-goods.

D  This was a ten-minute advertisement for suburban apartment housing.

E   Should it still be treated as radio advertising but with pictures thrown in?

F   In fact, they even created entire series that were designed to sell one product or another.

Listen to five people talking about their favourite adverts. Which does each person say about the advert?

Listen to a marketing expert talking about advertising and Choose the correct answer.