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Question 1 of 51
1. Question
Complete the sentences with the words in the list.
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Question:
The Prime Minister is to announce his resignation by the end of the day.
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Question 2 of 51
2. Question
Complete the sentences with the words in the list.
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Question:
to local residents, the man had always been a little strange.
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Question 3 of 51
3. Question
Complete the sentences with the words in the list.
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Question:
The thieves have been disturbed while they were going through the rooms upstairs.
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Question 4 of 51
4. Question
Complete the sentences with the words in the list.
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Question:
It would that there is some confusion about our new dress code. Staff are still turning up in jeans.
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Question 5 of 51
5. Question
Complete the sentences with the words in the list.
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Question:
It is that climate change is one of the greatest dangers facing the planet.
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Question 6 of 51
6. Question
Complete the sentences with the words in the list.
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Question:
, the footballer was arrested because of an incident at a party last night.
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Question 7 of 51
7. Question
Complete the second sentence so that you distance yourself from the information. Use the correct form of the verb in brackets.
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Question:
Politicians have been falsifying their expenses, (appear) politicians have been falsifying their expenses.
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Question 8 of 51
8. Question
Complete the second sentence so that you distance yourself from the information. Use the correct form of the verb in brackets.
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Question:
The country’s largest bank has gone bankrupt, (announce) the country’s largest bank has gone bankrupt.
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Question 9 of 51
9. Question
Complete the second sentence so that you distance yourself from the information. Use the correct form of the verb in brackets.
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Question:
The pop star has had another breakdown, (think)
The pop star had another breakdown.
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Question 10 of 51
10. Question
Complete the second sentence so that you distance yourself from the information. Use the correct form of the verb in brackets.
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Question:
The winner had been chosen before voting commenced, (seem) the winner had been chosen before voting commenced.
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Question 11 of 51
11. Question
Complete the second sentence so that you distance yourself from the information. Use the correct form of the verb in brackets.
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Question:
The burglars entered through an open window, (might)
The burglars through an open window.
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Question 12 of 51
12. Question
Complete the second sentence so that you distance yourself from the information. Use the correct form of the verb in brackets.
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Question:
The economic situation will improve by next year, (hope) the economic situation will improve by next year.
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Question 13 of 51
13. Question
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in the list.
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Question:
We a lot of time by getting the direct train to King’s Cross instead of changing at Birmingham.
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Question 14 of 51
14. Question
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in the list.
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Question:
Alex has basketball training every day and also at weekends. The sport up all his time.
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Question 15 of 51
15. Question
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in the list.
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Question:
Kate has too much to do. She can’t even the time to Skype her friends.
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Question 16 of 51
16. Question
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in the list.
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Question:
My dad had never been to his club’s stadium, but now he’s bought a season ticket, to up for lost time.
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Question 17 of 51
17. Question
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in the list.
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Question:
Mum me a really hard time for failing my exams.
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Question 18 of 51
18. Question
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in the list.
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Question:
Jenna’s enjoying herself a lot at university. She’s the time of her life.
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Question 19 of 51
19. Question
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in the list.
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Question:
I only managed to answer half the exam questions before I out of time.
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Question 20 of 51
20. Question
Complete the sentences with a suitable preposition.
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Question:
My parents like to go abroad occasionally . time time they visit their friends in Greece.
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Question 21 of 51
21. Question
Complete the sentences with a suitable preposition.
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Question:
I couldn’t answer my phone when you rang. I was in a meeting the time.
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Question 22 of 51
22. Question
Complete the sentences with a suitable preposition.
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Question:
Karen is very punctual. She’s always time.
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Question 23 of 51
23. Question
Complete the sentences with a suitable preposition.
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Question:
five days’ time I’ll be on a plane to Hawaii for my holiday.
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Question 24 of 51
24. Question
Complete the sentences with a suitable preposition.
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Question:
There was a huge traffic jam and the time we arrived home it was dark.
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Question 25 of 51
25. Question
Complete the sentences with a suitable preposition.
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Question:
You weren’t even born when The Police were big. They were way your time.
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Question 26 of 51
26. Question
Complete the sentences with a suitable preposition.
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Question:
She can be a bit annoying times, but I still love my sister.
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Question 27 of 51
27. Question
Complete the time expressions in the mini-dialogues.
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Question:
A Can you come to my presentation later?
B Sorry, I can’t. I’m a bit of time today.
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Question 28 of 51
28. Question
Complete the time expressions in the mini-dialogues.
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Question:
A Was the bride late for the wedding?
B No, she got to the church with time to
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Question 29 of 51
29. Question
Complete the time expressions in the mini-dialogues.
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Question:
A Why are you so bored these days?
B I’ve got too much time on my now I’m retired.
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Question 30 of 51
30. Question
Complete the time expressions in the mini-dialogues.
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Question:
A Are you going to look for a new job?
B No, I’m staying where I am for the time .
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Question 31 of 51
31. Question
Complete the time expressions in the mini-dialogues.
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Question:
A Do you think the business is in trouble?
B Yes, I do. It’s just a of time before it closes.
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Question 32 of 51
32. Question
Complete the time expressions in the mini-dialogues.
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Question:
A Why can’t I stay any longer?
B Time’s . Visitors have to leave at 8 p.m.
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Question 33 of 51
33. Question
Complete the time expressions in the mini-dialogues.
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Question:
A Why aren’t you going to see Andy again?
B Because he spends the time talking about himself!
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Question 34 of 51
34. Question
Listen and write six sentences.
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i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
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Question 35 of 51
35. Question
Listen to a radio programme about some new research into time. What is the science expert’s ‘good news’?
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Question:
What is the science expert’s ‘good news’?
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Question 36 of 51
36. Question
Listen again and complete the summary.
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Question:
How we perceive time
The brain takes time to process information from the . The it takes to process the information, the slower time seems to pass.How our perception changes with age
Children receive a lot of information which takes a long time to process. For them, time passes
Adults receive information which is more , so it doesn’t take long to process. For them, time passes mores .What can we do to slow down time?
Keep
Visit
Meet
Be
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Question 37 of 51
37. Question
Read the article once.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
Is being late fashionable or rude?
Being repeatedly late may just be accidental – or it could show a deep-seated psychological desire to express your own superiority
1. When I worked in an office, meetings would often start late, usually because of a certain individual. Then they would overrun and the whole day lost its shape. But the individual was high-ranking and self-important: nobody challenged. So what are the ethics of lateness?
2. There’s a psychotherapist called Irvin Yalom who argues that all behaviour reflects psychology. Just as people who like to be on time are motivated by certain deep-seated beliefs, so those who make others wait are acting out an inner agenda, often based on an acute sense of power. There’s famous footage in which Silvio Berlusconi keeps Angela Merkel waiting while he makes a call on his mobile. It speaks volumes.
3. But that suggests all lateness is in one’s control. What about when your train is cancelled or your flight is delayed or you had to wait longer for the plumber to arrive? In such cases, there’s not a lot of psychology involved. Or is there? Some people will genuinely worry about the impact it will have on those left waiting, while others might secretly enjoy the power of their absence.
4. The essential fact is that lateness means breaking a convention – you can only be late in respect of a time agreed with other people. Regardless of psychology, it has a social value. And when we treat other people’s time as less valuable than our own, we treat them as inferior.
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Question:
How does the author answer the question in the title?
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Question 38 of 51
38. Question
Read the article again and choose the right answers.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Is being late fashionable or rude?
Being repeatedly late may just be accidental – or it could show a deep-seated psychological desire to express your own superiority
1. When I worked in an office, meetings would often start late, usually because of a certain individual. Then they would overrun and the whole day lost its shape. But the individual was high-ranking and self-important: nobody challenged. So what are the ethics of lateness?
2. There’s a psychotherapist called Irvin Yalom who argues that all behaviour reflects psychology. Just as people who like to be on time are motivated by certain deep-seated beliefs, so those who make others wait are acting out an inner agenda, often based on an acute sense of power. There’s famous footage in which Silvio Berlusconi keeps Angela Merkel waiting while he makes a call on his mobile. It speaks volumes.
3. But that suggests all lateness is in one’s control. What about when your train is cancelled or your flight is delayed or you had to wait longer for the plumber to arrive? In such cases, there’s not a lot of psychology involved. Or is there? Some people will genuinely worry about the impact it will have on those left waiting, while others might secretly enjoy the power of their absence.
4. The essential fact is that lateness means breaking a convention – you can only be late in respect of a time agreed with other people. Regardless of psychology, it has a social value. And when we treat other people’s time as less valuable than our own, we treat them as inferior.
1. Question:
How did the writer and the other participants of the meetings react to their colleague’s lateness?
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Question 39 of 51
39. Question
Read the article again and choose the right answers.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Is being late fashionable or rude?
Being repeatedly late may just be accidental – or it could show a deep-seated psychological desire to express your own superiority
1. When I worked in an office, meetings would often start late, usually because of a certain individual. Then they would overrun and the whole day lost its shape. But the individual was high-ranking and self-important: nobody challenged. So what are the ethics of lateness?
2. There’s a psychotherapist called Irvin Yalom who argues that all behaviour reflects psychology. Just as people who like to be on time are motivated by certain deep-seated beliefs, so those who make others wait are acting out an inner agenda, often based on an acute sense of power. There’s famous footage in which Silvio Berlusconi keeps Angela Merkel waiting while he makes a call on his mobile. It speaks volumes.
3. But that suggests all lateness is in one’s control. What about when your train is cancelled or your flight is delayed or you had to wait longer for the plumber to arrive? In such cases, there’s not a lot of psychology involved. Or is there? Some people will genuinely worry about the impact it will have on those left waiting, while others might secretly enjoy the power of their absence.
4. The essential fact is that lateness means breaking a convention – you can only be late in respect of a time agreed with other people. Regardless of psychology, it has a social value. And when we treat other people’s time as less valuable than our own, we treat them as inferior.
2. Question:
According to Irvin Yalom, what is responsible for the way we behave?
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Question 40 of 51
40. Question
Read the article again and choose the right answers.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Is being late fashionable or rude?
Being repeatedly late may just be accidental – or it could show a deep-seated psychological desire to express your own superiority
1. When I worked in an office, meetings would often start late, usually because of a certain individual. Then they would overrun and the whole day lost its shape. But the individual was high-ranking and self-important: nobody challenged. So what are the ethics of lateness?
2. There’s a psychotherapist called Irvin Yalom who argues that all behaviour reflects psychology. Just as people who like to be on time are motivated by certain deep-seated beliefs, so those who make others wait are acting out an inner agenda, often based on an acute sense of power. There’s famous footage in which Silvio Berlusconi keeps Angela Merkel waiting while he makes a call on his mobile. It speaks volumes.
3. But that suggests all lateness is in one’s control. What about when your train is cancelled or your flight is delayed or you had to wait longer for the plumber to arrive? In such cases, there’s not a lot of psychology involved. Or is there? Some people will genuinely worry about the impact it will have on those left waiting, while others might secretly enjoy the power of their absence.
4. The essential fact is that lateness means breaking a convention – you can only be late in respect of a time agreed with other people. Regardless of psychology, it has a social value. And when we treat other people’s time as less valuable than our own, we treat them as inferior.
3. Question:
What does the writer imply was the reason that Berlusconi made Merkel wait?
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Question 41 of 51
41. Question
Read the article again and choose the right answers.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Is being late fashionable or rude?
Being repeatedly late may just be accidental – or it could show a deep-seated psychological desire to express your own superiority
1. When I worked in an office, meetings would often start late, usually because of a certain individual. Then they would overrun and the whole day lost its shape. But the individual was high-ranking and self-important: nobody challenged. So what are the ethics of lateness?
2. There’s a psychotherapist called Irvin Yalom who argues that all behaviour reflects psychology. Just as people who like to be on time are motivated by certain deep-seated beliefs, so those who make others wait are acting out an inner agenda, often based on an acute sense of power. There’s famous footage in which Silvio Berlusconi keeps Angela Merkel waiting while he makes a call on his mobile. It speaks volumes.
3. But that suggests all lateness is in one’s control. What about when your train is cancelled or your flight is delayed or you had to wait longer for the plumber to arrive? In such cases, there’s not a lot of psychology involved. Or is there? Some people will genuinely worry about the impact it will have on those left waiting, while others might secretly enjoy the power of their absence.
4. The essential fact is that lateness means breaking a convention – you can only be late in respect of a time agreed with other people. Regardless of psychology, it has a social value. And when we treat other people’s time as less valuable than our own, we treat them as inferior.
4. Question:
How do most people react when their lateness is out of their control?
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Question 42 of 51
42. Question
Read the article again and choose the right answers.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Is being late fashionable or rude?
Being repeatedly late may just be accidental – or it could show a deep-seated psychological desire to express your own superiority
1. When I worked in an office, meetings would often start late, usually because of a certain individual. Then they would overrun and the whole day lost its shape. But the individual was high-ranking and self-important: nobody challenged. So what are the ethics of lateness?
2. There’s a psychotherapist called Irvin Yalom who argues that all behaviour reflects psychology. Just as people who like to be on time are motivated by certain deep-seated beliefs, so those who make others wait are acting out an inner agenda, often based on an acute sense of power. There’s famous footage in which Silvio Berlusconi keeps Angela Merkel waiting while he makes a call on his mobile. It speaks volumes.
3. But that suggests all lateness is in one’s control. What about when your train is cancelled or your flight is delayed or you had to wait longer for the plumber to arrive? In such cases, there’s not a lot of psychology involved. Or is there? Some people will genuinely worry about the impact it will have on those left waiting, while others might secretly enjoy the power of their absence.
4. The essential fact is that lateness means breaking a convention – you can only be late in respect of a time agreed with other people. Regardless of psychology, it has a social value. And when we treat other people’s time as less valuable than our own, we treat them as inferior.
5. Question:
How does lateness have a ‘social value’?
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Question 43 of 51
43. Question
Choose the right answers. What do you think the writer means by… ?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Is being late fashionable or rude?
Being repeatedly late may just be accidental – or it could show a deep-seated psychological desire to express your own superiority
1. When I worked in an office, meetings would often start late, usually because of a certain individual. Then they would overrun and the whole day lost its shape. But the individual was high-ranking and self-important: nobody challenged. So what are the ethics of lateness?
2. There’s a psychotherapist called Irvin Yalom who argues that all behaviour reflects psychology. Just as people who like to be on time are motivated by certain deep-seated beliefs, so those who make others wait are acting out an inner agenda, often based on an acute sense of power. There’s famous footage in which Silvio Berlusconi keeps Angela Merkel waiting while he makes a call on his mobile. It speaks volumes.
3. But that suggests all lateness is in one’s control. What about when your train is cancelled or your flight is delayed or you had to wait longer for the plumber to arrive? In such cases, there’s not a lot of psychology involved. Or is there? Some people will genuinely worry about the impact it will have on those left waiting, while others might secretly enjoy the power of their absence.
4. The essential fact is that lateness means breaking a convention – you can only be late in respect of a time agreed with other people. Regardless of psychology, it has a social value. And when we treat other people’s time as less valuable than our own, we treat them as inferior.
1. Question:
The whole day lost its shape, (para 1)
CorrectIncorrect -
Question 44 of 51
44. Question
Choose the right answers.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Is being late fashionable or rude?
Being repeatedly late may just be accidental – or it could show a deep-seated psychological desire to express your own superiority
1. When I worked in an office, meetings would often start late, usually because of a certain individual. Then they would overrun and the whole day lost its shape. But the individual was high-ranking and self-important: nobody challenged. So what are the ethics of lateness?
2. There’s a psychotherapist called Irvin Yalom who argues that all behaviour reflects psychology. Just as people who like to be on time are motivated by certain deep-seated beliefs, so those who make others wait are acting out an inner agenda, often based on an acute sense of power. There’s famous footage in which Silvio Berlusconi keeps Angela Merkel waiting while he makes a call on his mobile. It speaks volumes.
3. But that suggests all lateness is in one’s control. What about when your train is cancelled or your flight is delayed or you had to wait longer for the plumber to arrive? In such cases, there’s not a lot of psychology involved. Or is there? Some people will genuinely worry about the impact it will have on those left waiting, while others might secretly enjoy the power of their absence.
4. The essential fact is that lateness means breaking a convention – you can only be late in respect of a time agreed with other people. Regardless of psychology, it has a social value. And when we treat other people’s time as less valuable than our own, we treat them as inferior.
2. Question:
.. .are acting out an inner agenda (para 2)
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Question 45 of 51
45. Question
Choose the right answers.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Is being late fashionable or rude?
Being repeatedly late may just be accidental – or it could show a deep-seated psychological desire to express your own superiority
1. When I worked in an office, meetings would often start late, usually because of a certain individual. Then they would overrun and the whole day lost its shape. But the individual was high-ranking and self-important: nobody challenged. So what are the ethics of lateness?
2. There’s a psychotherapist called Irvin Yalom who argues that all behaviour reflects psychology. Just as people who like to be on time are motivated by certain deep-seated beliefs, so those who make others wait are acting out an inner agenda, often based on an acute sense of power. There’s famous footage in which Silvio Berlusconi keeps Angela Merkel waiting while he makes a call on his mobile. It speaks volumes.
3. But that suggests all lateness is in one’s control. What about when your train is cancelled or your flight is delayed or you had to wait longer for the plumber to arrive? In such cases, there’s not a lot of psychology involved. Or is there? Some people will genuinely worry about the impact it will have on those left waiting, while others might secretly enjoy the power of their absence.
4. The essential fact is that lateness means breaking a convention – you can only be late in respect of a time agreed with other people. Regardless of psychology, it has a social value. And when we treat other people’s time as less valuable than our own, we treat them as inferior.
3. Question:
It speaks volumes, (para 2)
CorrectIncorrect -
Question 46 of 51
46. Question
Choose the right answers.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Is being late fashionable or rude?
Being repeatedly late may just be accidental – or it could show a deep-seated psychological desire to express your own superiority
1. When I worked in an office, meetings would often start late, usually because of a certain individual. Then they would overrun and the whole day lost its shape. But the individual was high-ranking and self-important: nobody challenged. So what are the ethics of lateness?
2. There’s a psychotherapist called Irvin Yalom who argues that all behaviour reflects psychology. Just as people who like to be on time are motivated by certain deep-seated beliefs, so those who make others wait are acting out an inner agenda, often based on an acute sense of power. There’s famous footage in which Silvio Berlusconi keeps Angela Merkel waiting while he makes a call on his mobile. It speaks volumes.
3. But that suggests all lateness is in one’s control. What about when your train is cancelled or your flight is delayed or you had to wait longer for the plumber to arrive? In such cases, there’s not a lot of psychology involved. Or is there? Some people will genuinely worry about the impact it will have on those left waiting, while others might secretly enjoy the power of their absence.
4. The essential fact is that lateness means breaking a convention – you can only be late in respect of a time agreed with other people. Regardless of psychology, it has a social value. And when we treat other people’s time as less valuable than our own, we treat them as inferior.
4. Question:
.. .the power of their absence, (para 3)
CorrectIncorrect -
Question 47 of 51
47. Question
Without looking back at the text, can you remember the nouns from the following verbs and adjectives?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Is being late fashionable or rude?
Being repeatedly late may just be accidental – or it could show a deep-seated psychological desire to express your own superiority
1. When I worked in an office, meetings would often start late, usually because of a certain individual. Then they would overrun and the whole day lost its shape. But the individual was high-ranking and self-important: nobody challenged. So what are the ethics of lateness?
2. There’s a psychotherapist called Irvin Yalom who argues that all behaviour reflects psychology. Just as people who like to be on time are motivated by certain deep-seated beliefs, so those who make others wait are acting out an inner agenda, often based on an acute sense of power. There’s famous footage in which Silvio Berlusconi keeps Angela Merkel waiting while he makes a call on his mobile. It speaks volumes.
3. But that suggests all lateness is in one’s control. What about when your train is cancelled or your flight is delayed or you had to wait longer for the plumber to arrive? In such cases, there’s not a lot of psychology involved. Or is there? Some people will genuinely worry about the impact it will have on those left waiting, while others might secretly enjoy the power of their absence.
4. The essential fact is that lateness means breaking a convention – you can only be late in respect of a time agreed with other people. Regardless of psychology, it has a social value. And when we treat other people’s time as less valuable than our own, we treat them as inferior.
-
Question:
superior
CorrectIncorrect -
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Question 48 of 51
48. Question
Without looking back at the text, can you remember the nouns from the following verbs and adjectives?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Is being late fashionable or rude?
Being repeatedly late may just be accidental – or it could show a deep-seated psychological desire to express your own superiority
1. When I worked in an office, meetings would often start late, usually because of a certain individual. Then they would overrun and the whole day lost its shape. But the individual was high-ranking and self-important: nobody challenged. So what are the ethics of lateness?
2. There’s a psychotherapist called Irvin Yalom who argues that all behaviour reflects psychology. Just as people who like to be on time are motivated by certain deep-seated beliefs, so those who make others wait are acting out an inner agenda, often based on an acute sense of power. There’s famous footage in which Silvio Berlusconi keeps Angela Merkel waiting while he makes a call on his mobile. It speaks volumes.
3. But that suggests all lateness is in one’s control. What about when your train is cancelled or your flight is delayed or you had to wait longer for the plumber to arrive? In such cases, there’s not a lot of psychology involved. Or is there? Some people will genuinely worry about the impact it will have on those left waiting, while others might secretly enjoy the power of their absence.
4. The essential fact is that lateness means breaking a convention – you can only be late in respect of a time agreed with other people. Regardless of psychology, it has a social value. And when we treat other people’s time as less valuable than our own, we treat them as inferior.
-
Question:
behave
CorrectIncorrect -
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Question 49 of 51
49. Question
Without looking back at the text, can you remember the nouns from the following verbs and adjectives?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Is being late fashionable or rude?
Being repeatedly late may just be accidental – or it could show a deep-seated psychological desire to express your own superiority
1. When I worked in an office, meetings would often start late, usually because of a certain individual. Then they would overrun and the whole day lost its shape. But the individual was high-ranking and self-important: nobody challenged. So what are the ethics of lateness?
2. There’s a psychotherapist called Irvin Yalom who argues that all behaviour reflects psychology. Just as people who like to be on time are motivated by certain deep-seated beliefs, so those who make others wait are acting out an inner agenda, often based on an acute sense of power. There’s famous footage in which Silvio Berlusconi keeps Angela Merkel waiting while he makes a call on his mobile. It speaks volumes.
3. But that suggests all lateness is in one’s control. What about when your train is cancelled or your flight is delayed or you had to wait longer for the plumber to arrive? In such cases, there’s not a lot of psychology involved. Or is there? Some people will genuinely worry about the impact it will have on those left waiting, while others might secretly enjoy the power of their absence.
4. The essential fact is that lateness means breaking a convention – you can only be late in respect of a time agreed with other people. Regardless of psychology, it has a social value. And when we treat other people’s time as less valuable than our own, we treat them as inferior.
-
Question:
late
CorrectIncorrect -
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Question 50 of 51
50. Question
Without looking back at the text, can you remember the nouns from the following verbs and adjectives?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Is being late fashionable or rude?
Being repeatedly late may just be accidental – or it could show a deep-seated psychological desire to express your own superiority
1. When I worked in an office, meetings would often start late, usually because of a certain individual. Then they would overrun and the whole day lost its shape. But the individual was high-ranking and self-important: nobody challenged. So what are the ethics of lateness?
2. There’s a psychotherapist called Irvin Yalom who argues that all behaviour reflects psychology. Just as people who like to be on time are motivated by certain deep-seated beliefs, so those who make others wait are acting out an inner agenda, often based on an acute sense of power. There’s famous footage in which Silvio Berlusconi keeps Angela Merkel waiting while he makes a call on his mobile. It speaks volumes.
3. But that suggests all lateness is in one’s control. What about when your train is cancelled or your flight is delayed or you had to wait longer for the plumber to arrive? In such cases, there’s not a lot of psychology involved. Or is there? Some people will genuinely worry about the impact it will have on those left waiting, while others might secretly enjoy the power of their absence.
4. The essential fact is that lateness means breaking a convention – you can only be late in respect of a time agreed with other people. Regardless of psychology, it has a social value. And when we treat other people’s time as less valuable than our own, we treat them as inferior.
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Question:
believe
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Question 51 of 51
51. Question
Without looking back at the text, can you remember the nouns from the following verbs and adjectives?
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Is being late fashionable or rude?
Being repeatedly late may just be accidental – or it could show a deep-seated psychological desire to express your own superiority
1. When I worked in an office, meetings would often start late, usually because of a certain individual. Then they would overrun and the whole day lost its shape. But the individual was high-ranking and self-important: nobody challenged. So what are the ethics of lateness?
2. There’s a psychotherapist called Irvin Yalom who argues that all behaviour reflects psychology. Just as people who like to be on time are motivated by certain deep-seated beliefs, so those who make others wait are acting out an inner agenda, often based on an acute sense of power. There’s famous footage in which Silvio Berlusconi keeps Angela Merkel waiting while he makes a call on his mobile. It speaks volumes.
3. But that suggests all lateness is in one’s control. What about when your train is cancelled or your flight is delayed or you had to wait longer for the plumber to arrive? In such cases, there’s not a lot of psychology involved. Or is there? Some people will genuinely worry about the impact it will have on those left waiting, while others might secretly enjoy the power of their absence.
4. The essential fact is that lateness means breaking a convention – you can only be late in respect of a time agreed with other people. Regardless of psychology, it has a social value. And when we treat other people’s time as less valuable than our own, we treat them as inferior.
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Question:
absent
CorrectIncorrect -